Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

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What is the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)?

The CEFR is an international standard used to measure and describe language ability. It was developed by the Council of Europe and is widely recognized in education, business, and government. The purpose of the CEFR is to provide a clear, consistent way to assess language proficiency across different countries and systems.

It divides language skills into six levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. These levels describe what a person can understand, say, read, and write in a foreign language. It avoids vague terms like “basic” or “fluent” and replaces them with precise, practical descriptions of ability.

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CEFR Levels – Brief Description

A1 – Beginner
Can understand and use everyday expressions. Can introduce themselves and ask or answer simple questions.

A2 – Elementary
Can understand frequently used phrases related to areas like shopping, work, or personal information. Can communicate in simple tasks.

B1 – Intermediate
Can deal with most situations likely to arise in daily life. Can describe experiences, events, and give reasons or explanations.

B2 – Upper Intermediate
Can understand the main ideas of complex texts. Can interact with native speakers fluently and spontaneously.

C1 – Advanced
Can express ideas clearly and in detail. Can use language effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes.

C2 – Proficient
Can understand virtually everything heard or read. Can express themselves precisely, fluently, and effortlessly, even in complex situations.

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages is helpful to understand what level you are into a language. If you took the placement test for Spanish or English, you should be able to have an idea of what are your skills based on CEFR.